The method is generally used for handling segregation generation may be grouped into three categories. Multiple choice questions on plant breeding mcq biology. Other articles where bulkpopulation method is discussed. Bulk method of plant breeding comprises of following main steps. From each of the selected plants, f3 seeds are harvested, bulked and planted. The consequences of sampling losses that occur with the bulk breeding method. Feb 06, 2017 an overview of pedigree method being employed in the plant breeding. Plant breeders use different methods depending on the mode of reproduction of crops, which include.
Organic plant breeding techniques, advantages and disadvantages. This method is also known as mass method or the the population method. Feb 08, 2017 an overview about bulk method of plant breeding and its significance in plant breeding. At the end of bulking period, individual plant selection and evaluation is carried out in the similar fashion as in the pedigree method. The bulk method of breeding relieves the breeder of the large amount of work in. Pdf comparison of two breeding strategies by computer. Plant breeding introduction to plant breeding youtube. It typically takes more than ten years for a variety to proceed from the initial breeding stages through to commercial release. As all traits of a plant are controlled by genes located on chromosomes, conventional plant breeding can be considered as the. Selection identification and isolation of plants having the desirable combination of characters, and growing their progeny only history. Science of breeding is playing great role from the earlier to current in field of. Definition, aim, objectives and scope of plant breeding. Instead of bulking whole seed lot of selected plants, a single seed is selected randomly from each selected plant to make bulk. Le couteur published his results on selection in wheat about the same time patrick shireff practiced individual plant selection in.
Our new crystalgraphics chart and diagram slides for powerpoint is a collection of over impressively designed datadriven chart and editable diagram s guaranteed to impress any audience. Pedigree breeding is a method of genetic improvement of selfpollinated species. Full text of plant breeding principles and methods see other formats. Plant breeders must have access to genetic variation in crop species. F2 space plant, 1,00010,000 seeds identify individual plants, plant checks. Pdf plant breeding methods in brief for students researchgate.
Key advantages and disadvantages of the bulk breeding method. Bulk population breeding is a strategy of crop improvement in which natural selection effect is solicited more directly in the early generations of the procedure by delaying stringent artificial selection until later generations. The object of hybridization is to combine desirable genes found in two or more different varieties and to produce pure breeding progeny superior in many respects to the parental types. Many theories have been mentioned in this video in which breeding techniques are been introduced. Several breeding methods are available to plant breeders for germplasm improvement, such as the pedigree method, bulk method, single seed descent, backcross method, and recurrent selection. The bulkpopulation method of breeding differs from the pedigree.
The bulk method of breeding was first used by nilson ehle in 1908. Everything you need to know about the introduction and selection methods of plant breeding. An established breeding program with clear aims and reasonable resources will produce a new variety regularly, every couple of years or so. Select single plants, grow progeny rows, harvest seed for yield testing. Bulking of selected plants is followed for several generations and at the end of bulking period. Crosspollination, where pollen from one plant can only fertilize a different plant.
The consequences of sampling losses that occur with the bulk breeding method are studied. This short note written on the title of plant breeding methods. Plant breeding definition, methods, steps and videos. First proposed by goulden 1939 and later modified by brim 1966. Diversity arrays technology p t y l t d new plant breeding strategies using an affordable and effective wholegenome profiling method eric huttner diversity arrays technology, canberra, australia. Plant breeding is a method of altering the genetic pattern of plants to increase their value and utility for human welfare.
Ppt plant breeding methods powerpoint presentation free. Selection can be made in each generation but harvest is done as bulk. Pedigree method, bulk method and ssd method of breeding authorstream presentation. The expected extinction rates are computed for various population sizes and various distributions of the number of seeds per plant multiplication rates, using algebraic formulas in simple cases and computer simulations in more complex ones. The new variety is highly uniform, genetic variation is very less. Plant breeding can be defined as an art, a science, and technology of improving the genetic make up of plants in relation to their economic use for the man kind. Selection a pure line selection b mass selection 3. Method of plant breeding in self pollinated plants pedigree methods mass selection and pure line selection cannot be applied to segregating population. Chapters 2125 develops the general theory of index selection, which can accom. Description two parental lines are crossed to generate f1 progeny which are then selfed to produce f2 plants. Pure line selection and mass selection breeding methods. Various procedures selections, hybridization, mutation, etc. Plant breeders must be equipped with the tools to respond quickly to new demands by developing accelerated breeding techniques.
The bulk population method of breeding differs from the pedigree method primarily in the handling of generations following hybridization. Bulk method is also known as population method or mass method of plant breeding, which was first applied by nilssonehle in 1908. A theoretical study of the bulk breeding method springerlink. Method of plant breeding in self pollinated plants pedigree. These references and pdf files will be posted in blackboard. Organic plant breeding is defined by the ifoam standard and bears a high potential to provide farms with varieties perfectly adapted to organic farming. It is a method which can handle segregating generations, in which f 2 and subsequent generations are harvested in bulk to grow the next generation.
Plant breeding is defined as identifying and selecting desirable traits in plants and combining these into one individual plant. Bulk selection methods the basic scheme grow out the f2 generation. Bulk population breeding is a strategy of crop improvement in which the natural selection effect is solicited more. Plant breeders must be equipped with the tools to respond quickly to new demands by developing accelerated breeding techniques and the ability to screen for traits of interest rapidly among progeny. Pedigree refers to record of the ancestry of an individual selected plant. Nov 04, 20 the method of single seed descent was born out of a need to speed up the breeding program by rapidly inbreeding a population prior to beginning individual plant selection and evaluation, while reducing a loss of genotypes during the segregating generations.
Pedigree method was found to be superior over bulk and ssdfor grain yield per plant in f4 and f5 generations. Plant breeding can be defined as an art and science and technology of improving the genetic make up of plants in relation to their economic use for the man kind. Fibl plant breeding techniques 20 1 5 in april 20 1 1, the european pat ent of. Make the cross between chosen parents a and b a x b grow f1 seeds in spaceplanted rows sidebyside parents should be grown bulk method heterozygous homogeneous. Pure line variety is expected to have a narrower adaptation and lower stability in performance as there is less genetic variation. At the end of bulking period single plant selection is made and tested for. Bulk method of plant breeding completes in following main steps. Comparative efficiency of pedigree, modified bulk and. Selffertilization, where pollen from a plant will fertilise reproductive cells or ovules of the same plant. The f 2 generation is sown at normal commercial planting rates in a large plot.
It is a purposeful manipulation of plants to create desired plant types that are better suited for cultivation, give better yield and are disease resistant. Methods of breeding introduction and acclimatization. Bulk method in this method f 2 and subsequent generations are harvested as bulk to grow the next generation. The north dakota breeding program primarily uses a modified pedigree program and, to a lesser degree, backcross, single seed descent, recurrent selection. Since 1900, mendels laws of genetics provided the scientific basis for plant breeding. Definition, aim, objectives and scope of plant breeding definition.
Modern plant breeding requires an understanding of genetics. Introduction and selection methods plant breeding botany. At maturity the crop is harvested in mass, and the seeds are used to. During the 20th century planned hybridization between carefully selected parents has become dominant in the breeding of selfpollinated species. Selection methods in plant breeding based on mode of. Methods of breeding introduction and acclimatization the following are the methods of breeding autogamous plants. Hybridization aims, objectives and types of hybridization. Hybridization and selection i inter varietal a pedigree method b bulk method. Organic plant breeding contributes to the organic farming goals such as the work in accordance with biological systems and to have a positive impact on biodiversity as organic breeders work. The focus of this chapter is familybased selection using family information to select individuals. Chart and diagram slides for powerpoint beautifully designed chart and diagram s for powerpoint with visually stunning graphics and animation effects. Nov 03, 20 bulk population breeding is a strategy of crop improvement in which natural selection effect is solicited more directly in the early generations of the procedure by delaying stringent artificial selection until later generations. Conventional breeding techniques in sorghum sciencedirect.
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